User-friendly search interface for older adults: supporting search goal refreshing in working memory to improve information search strategies

ABSTRACT

This study investigates how a search interface that displays users’ ultimate query (i.e. users’ current search goal) can cope with the age-related decrease of fluid abilities and support older users’ search behaviours. 30 young and 18 older adults completed 9 search problems with a regular web browser or with the experimental search interface. Results showed that older adults spent longer time on the search engine result pages, they needed more time to reformulate, and they had more difficulties exploring the search paths elaborated. Age-differences also appeared as soon as the beginning of the search. The support tool helped older users reformulate their queries more rapidly and elaborate more flexible search strategies at the beginning of the activity. Indeed, older adults who interacted with the support tool switched to the processing of a new search path more rapidly instead of exploiting their initial query (i.e. they visited fewer websites for the initial query produced and reformulated a query instead of keeping on conducting a deeper investigation of the search results provided in the search engine result page). Implications of these findings for the design of effective support tools for older users are discussed.     

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展制约因素与对策——基于“要素-空间-时间”三维分析框架

针对黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的国家重大战略需求,本文指出缓解生态系统负荷"过满状态"和发展的矛盾是黄河流域生态保护和经济社会发展的主要矛盾,推进社会经济生态转型是解决这一矛盾的根本出路。在此基础上,首先,提出"要素-空间-时间"三维分析框架,明确推进黄河流域社会经济生态转型、实现生态保护和高质量发展应运用这一框架;其次,识别出落后的社会经济物质代谢、低效的人与自然共生空间格局、低效的路径依赖是制约黄河流域社会经济生态转型、实现黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的关键因素;最后,提出了推进黄河流域经济物质代谢转型、空间重构和路径创造的关键性战略对策,即:做实以水定城、以水定人和以水定产,加快建设能源互联网黄河流域,推进别具一格创新驱动发展,打造信息网络强河以及推进流域经济深度一体化全球化。本文对深刻认识和把握黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展机理和方略具有一定理论和现实价值。     

Experimental investigation of different morphology textured ceramic tools by in-situ formed for the dry cutting

Surface texture is considered an important measure to improve the cutting performance of a tool. In this study, we have prepared three types of textured and conventional tools on the rake face by an in-situ formed method. During the experiment, the best parameters of three types of textured tools were selected for dry cutting AISI 1045 steel at different cutting speeds. Cutting forces, cutting temperatures, workpiece surface roughness, and tool wear were measured during the cutting process. The results showed that textured tools have significantly reduced cutting force, cutting temperature, and tool wear, and the roughness of the workpiece was improved compared with the conventional tool. The micro-pit texture tool has less stress contact region than the micro-groove width texture tool, but the micro-groove width texture tool exhibiting the best cutting performance. This investigation clearly showed that the textured tool prepared by the in-situ formed method has improved cutting performance.     

抗新型冠状病毒2019-nCoV新药的研发

2019年底，湖北武汉暴发了2019新型冠状病毒感染疾病（COVID-19），并快速在全国蔓延，且在多个国家发现病例。其感染病例和死亡病例在短时间内快速超过重症急性呼吸综合征（SARS），给中国带来了不可估量的损失。中国科研人员在短时间内，快速锁定病原体为2019-nCoV（或hCoV-19或SARS-CoV-2)，并且在不同层面开展了相关抗病毒药物的研发工作。本文介绍了抗2019-nCoV新药研发的现状。同时，鉴于突发病原体的药物研发过程相对迟缓，我们建议对于潜在流行可能性的病原体，其药物研发要具有前瞻性，国家层面要推进广谱药物的研发和临床试验，以应对可能出现的疫情风险。     

非常规蛋白基木材胶黏剂研究现状及发展前景

介绍了动物和植物型非常规蛋白资源的种类及其制备蛋白基木材胶黏剂的研究现状和存在的问题,展望了非常规蛋白胶黏剂的发展前景。     

Emergence,consolidation and dominance of meta-regimes: Exploring the historical evolution of mass production (1765–1972) from the Deep Transitions perspective

Grand environmental and societal challenges have drawn increasing attention to system innovation and socio-technical transitions. A recent Deep Transitions framework has provided a comprehensive theory of the co-evolutionary patterns of multiple socio-technical systems over the last 250 years. However, so far the framework has not been subjected to systematic empirical exploration. In this paper we address this gap by exploring the co-evolutionary model linking niche-level dynamics, transitions in single systems and ‘great surges of development’, as conceptualized by Schot and Kanger (2018) [1]. For this purpose, we conduct a case study on the historical evolution of mass production in the Transatlantic region from 1765 to 1972. Instead of focusing on dominant technologies or common practices the development of mass production is understood as the emergence of a meta-regime, i.e. a set of mutually aligned rules guiding production activities in multiple socio-technical systems. The results broadly confirm the overall model but also enable to extend the Deep Transitions framework by uncovering new mechanisms and patterns in the variation, diffusion and contestation of meta-regimes.     

Exchanging social support on online teacher groups: Relation to teacher self-efficacy

The present study explored the relation between exchanging social support on online teacher groups and teacher self-efficacy. An online survey was conducted inside a massive Facebook teacher group, and 584 elementary school teachers provided information regarding Facebook use, self-efficacy for creative teaching, and the extent to which they provided and received support on the online teacher group. Results showed that teacher self-efficacy varied as a function of years of teaching experience, length of group membership, and the extent to which teachers provided and received social support on the online teacher group. Furthermore, the providing of online support predicted teacher self-efficacy after taking into account the effects of teaching experience and group membership. The findings are discussed in terms of the features and importance of social support exchange on online teacher support groups.     

How does external knowledge sourcing enhance product development? Evidence from drug commercialization

Like in many industries, knowledge management is the key to the successful developments of new drugs and other commercialized products in the pharmaceutical sector. Prior studies have shown that knowledge management requires effective external knowledge sourcing strategies. We argue that both the geographic distance to external knowledge sources and the diversity of such sources have strong influences on the success of the search process and the development of new drugs. We test these theoretical assumptions by applying several advanced estimation techniques on a combined broad set of data from the U.S. Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We find empirical evidence that the intensity of external knowledge sourcing activities has a positive effect on new drugs approval and commercialization. Specifically, our models predict that a higher number of references to prior patents increases the probability of a new patented drug to be approved and commercialized. Furthermore, the geographic distance covered in the search for external knowledge also positively contributes to drug commercialization. Important management implications derived from these findings are also discussed in the paper.     

中国铅锌矿能源资源基地开发利用现状研究

我国铅锌矿产资源丰富，生产能力、消费量、出口量居世界前列，是我国的优势矿种。以10个铅锌矿能源资源基地为研究对象，对基地分布、矿山数量、产能结构、开发利用指标、矿业固废循环利用指标等进行了分析研究。研究表明，2018年，我国铅锌矿大型资源基地的矿业集中度和铅锌矿的综合利用率均高于全国平均水平。